Adult Echocardiography Practice Exam

What common clinical finding could be observed in patients with severe mitral stenosis during echocardiography?

1. Decreased left atrial size

2. Left ventricular hypertrophy

3. Severe pulmonary hypertension

4. Presence of aortic regurgitation

The correct answer is: Severe pulmonary hypertension

In patients with severe mitral stenosis, a key clinical finding observed during echocardiography is severe pulmonary hypertension. Mitral stenosis causes an obstruction to blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. This obstruction leads to a backlog of blood in the pulmonary circulation, resulting in elevated pressures within the pulmonary arteries. The left atrium enlarges as it becomes distended from the increased pressure, which can lead to complications such as atrial arrhythmias. The presence of severe pulmonary hypertension is a serious consequence of this condition, impacting the heart's ability to function effectively and leading to symptoms such as exertional dyspnea. The identification of this finding can be assessed through Doppler echocardiography, which measures velocities of blood flow and estimates pulmonary artery pressures. Recognizing severe pulmonary hypertension in the context of mitral stenosis plays a crucial role in the management and potential treatment options for affected patients.