Adult Echocardiography Practice Exam

What condition is associated with mitral regurgitation as seen in continuous wave Doppler?

1. Aortic regurgitation

2. Aortic stenosis

3. Tricuspid regurgitation

4. Mitral regurgitation

The correct answer is: Tricuspid regurgitation

Mitral regurgitation involves the backward flow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium during ventricular systole due to a malfunction of the mitral valve. When Doppler echocardiography is employed, particularly continuous wave Doppler, a specific pattern is observed that characterizes this condition. In continuous wave Doppler, the velocity of the regurgitant jet can be measured, which will typically demonstrate a turbulent flow pattern consistent with mitral regurgitation. The presence of this regurgitant flow is indicative of the condition and can be visualized as a spectral display of the velocity-time integral depicting the regurgitation. The flow pattern and the characteristics observed in continuous wave Doppler are crucial for diagnosing mitral regurgitation. The pattern will show a persistent 'V' shaped waveform indicating the pressure differential and the regurgitant flow during the systolic phase. This distinct Doppler feature is specific to mitral regurgitation and assists clinicians in assessing the severity and implications of the valve insufficiency. Understanding the Doppler interrogation in this context helps in evaluating the hemodynamics involved with the condition, which is vital in making accurate diagnoses and developing proper management strategies for patients with heart valve abnormalities.