Adult Echocardiography Practice Exam

What is a common consequence of untreated atrial fibrillation?

1. Decreased stroke volume

2. Increased risk of thromboembolism

3. Hypertension

4. Heart valve regurgitation

The correct answer is: Increased risk of thromboembolism

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by an irregular and often rapid heartbeat, which can lead to significant hemodynamic changes in the heart. One of the most critical consequences of untreated AF is the increased risk of thromboembolism. This occurs because the erratic contractions of the atria can lead to stasis of blood, particularly in the left atrial appendage. This stagnant blood flow can promote the formation of thrombi, or blood clots. When these clots form, there is a substantial risk that they can dislodge and travel to other parts of the body, particularly the brain, resulting in an ischemic stroke. The risk of thromboembolism is one of the primary reasons why patients with atrial fibrillation are typically prescribed anticoagulant medication unless contraindicated. Thus, preventing stroke and other thromboembolic complications is a central focus in the management of patients with untreated atrial fibrillation. Understanding this connection is crucial for assessing the risks associated with AF and underscores the importance of monitoring and appropriately treating this condition to mitigate the dangers of thromboembolic events.