Adult Echocardiography Practice Exam

What is the abnormality associated with a large amount of fluid around the heart?

1. Trivial pleural effusion

2. Moderate pleural effusion

3. Large pericardial effusion

4. Small pericardial effusion

The correct answer is: Large pericardial effusion

A large amount of fluid around the heart is specifically referred to as a large pericardial effusion. The pericardium is the fibrous sac that surrounds and protects the heart, and when there is an accumulation of fluid in this space, it can lead to significant clinical consequences. A large pericardial effusion can exert pressure on the heart, potentially leading to a condition known as cardiac tamponade, which can impair the heart's ability to function properly. In contrast, trivial and small pericardial effusions generally involve minimal fluid accumulation and are often asymptomatic, while moderate pericardial effusions may have some impact but often do not cause the same level of concern as a large effusion. In the case of pleural effusion, which involves fluid collection between the layers of the pleura in the thoracic cavity, it does not directly relate to fluid accumulation around the heart. Thus, the choice of large pericardial effusion correctly identifies the abnormality most associated with significant fluid buildup around the heart itself.