Adult Echocardiography Practice Exam

What is the most common cause of aortic root dilation in the United States?

1. Marfan's syndrome

2. Atherosclerosis

3. Syphilis

4. Trauma

The correct answer is: Syphilis

The most common cause of aortic root dilation in the United States is Marfan's syndrome. This genetic disorder affects the connective tissues in the body, leading to abnormalities in the structure and function of blood vessels, including the aorta. Individuals with Marfan's syndrome often experience aortic dilation due to the inherent weakness in the connective tissue, which can result in progressive enlargement of the aortic root. Understanding the prevalence of Marfan's syndrome in comparison to other conditions is critical. Atherosclerosis primarily affects the aorta at later stages of life and usually leads to stenosis or aneurysm formation rather than isolated root dilation. Similarly, while syphilis can cause cardiovascular complications, particularly aortitis leading to dilation, it is less prevalent as a cause of aortic root dilation compared to Marfan's syndrome. Trauma could cause acute aortic injuries or pseudoaneurysms but is not a common cause of chronic aortic root dilation. Marfan's syndrome remains the most recognized and documented etiology for aortic root dilation among the general population, emphasizing its relevance in clinical practice and diagnostics within echocardiography.