Adult Echocardiography Practice Exam

What is the primary complication associated with a bicuspid aortic valve?

1. aortic regurgitation

2. aortic stenosis

3. infective endocarditis

4. left ventricular hypertrophy

The correct answer is: aortic stenosis

A bicuspid aortic valve is a congenital heart defect in which the aortic valve has only two cusps instead of the typical three. This anatomical abnormality can lead to abnormal hemodynamic stress and changes in the valve's functionality over time. The primary complication associated with a bicuspid aortic valve is aortic stenosis. Aortic stenosis refers to the narrowing of the aortic valve, which restricts blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta during systole. The condition typically develops over time as the valve undergoes calcific degeneration, often beginning in young adulthood. Because the bicuspid valve has an increased risk for early calcification compared to a normal trileaflet valve, patients can develop significant stenosis earlier in life. Symptoms of aortic stenosis may include exertional dyspnea, angina, and syncope, and it can lead to serious complications such as heart failure or sudden cardiac death if not monitored or treated. While other complications like aortic regurgitation, infective endocarditis, and left ventricular hypertrophy can also be associated with bicuspid aortic valves, aortic stenosis is more prevalent and often the first significant complication encountered in individuals with