Adult Echocardiography Practice Exam

Which type of valve failure is indicated by a significant decrease in the effective valve area?

1. Leaky valve

2. Stenotic valve

3. Normal valve

4. Functional valve disorder

The correct answer is: Stenotic valve

A significant decrease in the effective valve area is indicative of a stenotic valve. In this condition, the valve does not open fully, leading to a reduced area through which blood can flow. This restriction causes increased pressure and workload on the heart, as the heart must work harder to push blood through the narrowed opening. In cases of a leaky valve, the malfunction typically involves regurgitation, where the valve does not close properly, leading to backflow of blood rather than a decrease in the area for blood flow in the forward direction. A normal valve operates without such issues, maintaining appropriate blood flow and pressure. Functional valve disorder refers to issues that arise not from the valve structure itself but from conditions elsewhere affecting valve function, which would not specifically result in a decreased effective area. Thus, a stenotic valve is characterized by its inability to adequately open, leading directly to a significant reduction in the effective valve area, differentiating it from other valve conditions.